{"id":612,"date":"2011-02-17T14:09:21","date_gmt":"2011-02-17T06:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kaoru.tech\/?p=612"},"modified":"2011-02-24T15:53:27","modified_gmt":"2011-02-24T07:53:27","slug":"gnu%e9%93%be%e6%8e%a5%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kaoru.tech:7000\/wordpress\/?p=612","title":{"rendered":"GNU\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>08\u5e74\u641e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728linux\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528GNU GCC\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684NXP\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4ecelinux kernel\u3001u-boot\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u540d\u8bcd\u89e3\u91ca<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><font color=\"#000000\">The Location Count(.) &#8211; \u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/font> <\/li>\n<li><font color=\"#000000\">Load Memory Address(LMA) &#8211; \u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/font> <\/li>\n<li>Virtual Memory Address(<font color=\"#000000\">VMA) &#8211; \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/font> <\/li>\n<li>section contents &#8211; \u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9 <\/li>\n<li>Input Section &#8211; \u8f93\u5165\u6bb5 <\/li>\n<li><font color=\"#000000\">Output Section &#8211; \u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5<\/font> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\">\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u5408\u5e76\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bb5\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u6bb5\uff1b\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bb5\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\">\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u90fd\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5173\u8054\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6bb5\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7559\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\uff08\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a0\uff09\u3002\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u6bb5\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u5c11\u5305\u542b\u4e9b\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\">\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u53ef\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u90fd\u6709\u4fe9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fVMA\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662fLMA\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6bb5\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4fe9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u88ab\u88c5\u586b\u5230ROM\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u88ab\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230RAM\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eROM\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cROM\u5730\u5740\u662fLMA\uff0cRAM\u5730\u5740\u662fVMA\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\">\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u53c2\u6570&#8217;-h&#8217;\u7684objdump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6bb5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7f16\u8bd1C\u6216\u8005C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u6307\u5411\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\">\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7nm\u7a0b\u5e8f\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26&#8217;-t&#8217;\u53c2\u6570\u7684objdump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u4f8b\u5b50<\/h2>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u201dSECTIONS\u201c\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201dSECTIONS\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201dSECTIONS\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u548c\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5728&#8217;.text&#8217;\u3001&#8217;.data&#8217;\u548c&#8217;.bss&#8217;\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>.text(\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5) &#8211; \u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u548cconst\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf <\/li>\n<li>.data(\u6570\u636e\u6bb5) &#8211; \u6bb5\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf <\/li>\n<li>.bss(\u5806\u6808\u6bb5) &#8211; \u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u672a\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5728\u5730\u57400x10000\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u5728\u5730\u57400x8000000\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"vim\" line=\"1\">SECTIONS\n{\n\t. = 0x10000;\n\t.text : { *(.text) }\n\t. = 0x8000000;\n\t.data : { *(.data) }\n\t.bss : { *(.bss) }\n}<\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7b26\u53f7&#8217;.&#8217; \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u589e\u957f\u3002&#8217;SECTIONS&#8217;\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u4e3a0.<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\uff0c&#8217;.text&#8217;\u3002\u5192\u53f7\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6bb5\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u7b26\u53f7&#8217;*&#8217;\u662f\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#8217;*(.text)&#8217;\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709&#8217;.text&#8217;\u8f93\u5165\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5&#8217;.text&#8217;\u65f6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u662f&#8217;0x10000&#8217;\uff0clinker\u4f1a\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e&#8217;.text&#8217;\u6bb5\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a&#8217;0x10000&#8217;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5269\u4e0b\u51e0\u884c\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86&#8217;.data&#8217;\u548c&#8217;.bss&#8217;\u3002linker\u628a&#8217;.data&#8217;\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u653e\u5230\u5730\u5740&#8217;0x8000000&#8217;\u3002\u5728linker\u653e\u7f6e&#8217;.data&#8217;\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u662f&#8217;0x8000000&#8217;\u52a0\u4e0a&#8217;.data&#8217;\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4ece\u800clinker\u628a&#8217;.bss&#8217;\u6bb5\u653e\u5728&#8217;.data&#8217;\u6bb5\u7684\u540e\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u589e\u52a0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0clinker\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u7684&#8217;.text&#8217;h\u548c&#8217;.data&#8217;\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4efb\u610f\u5bf9\u9f50\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662flinker\u4f1a\u5728&#8217;.data&#8217;\u548c&#8217;.bss&#8217;\u6bb5\u4e2d\u95f4\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7a7a\u9699\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n<h3>OUTPUT_ARCH<\/h3>\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u5e73\u53f0<\/p>\n<h3>OUTPUT_FORMAT<\/h3>\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f <\/p>\n<h3>ENTRY<\/h3>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u79f0\u4e3a<em>entry point<\/em> \u3002\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6eentry point\u3002 <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528&#8217;-e&#8217;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b <\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528ENTRY(<em>symbol<\/em>)\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b <\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u662f<em>start<\/em> \uff1b <\/li>\n<li>&#8216;.text&#8217;\u6bb5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff1b <\/li>\n<li>\u5730\u57400\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>MEMORY<\/h3>\n<p>linker\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528MEMORY\u547d\u4ee4\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MEMORY\u547d\u4ee4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0linker\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc5\u987b\u7981\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06sections\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002linker\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6esection\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u6ee1\u540e\u7ed9\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u3002The linker will not shuffle sections around to fit into the available regions.<\/p>\n<p>\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u81f3\u5c111\u4e2aMEMORY\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"VIM\">MEMORY\n{\n\tname [(attr)] : ORIGIN = origin, LENGTH = len\n\t...\n}<\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>name<\/em>\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6307\u793a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u5916\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u601d\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u540d\u5b57\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u6bb5\u540d\u5b57\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528REGION_ALIAS\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>attr<\/em>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5217\u8868\u7528\u6765\u6307\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>attr<\/em>\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8216;R&#8217; &#8211; \u53ea\u8bfb\u6bb5 <\/li>\n<li>&#8216;W&#8217; &#8211; \u8bfb\/\u5199\u6bb5&#160; <\/li>\n<li>&#8216;X&#8217; &#8211; \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6bb5 <\/li>\n<li>&#8216;A&#8217; -&#160; \u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u6bb5 <\/li>\n<li>&#8216;I&#8217; &#8211; \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6bb5 <\/li>\n<li>&#8216;L&#8217; &#8211; \u548c&#8217;I&#8217;\u4e00\u6837 <\/li>\n<li>&#8216;!&#8217; &#8211; \u53cd\u8f6c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>origin<\/em>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6307\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u503c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5b57ORIGIN\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f29\u5199\u6210org\u6216o\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>len<\/em>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u660ememory region\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u548corigin\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u503c\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5b57LENGTH\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f29\u5199\u4e3alen\u6216l\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e862\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u59cb\u4e8e0\u3001\u5171128K\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u59cb\u4e8e0x40000000\u3001\u517116K\u3002linker\u4f1a\u628a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0b\u9762\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6bb5\u653e\u5230&#8217;FLASH&#8217;\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c1. \u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6307\u660emap\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bb5\uff1b2. \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u8bfb\u3002linker\u4f1a\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u660emap\u7684\u6bb5\u653e\u7f6e\u5230&#8217;RAM&#8217;\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#8217;&gt;region&#8217;\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u5c5e\u6027\u628a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u4e3a&#8217;RAM&#8217;\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#8217;&gt;RAM&#8217;\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679coutput section\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\uff0clinker\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5411\u7ec4\u5408\u7684output sections\u5bf9\u4e8eregion\u8fc7\u5927\uff0clinker\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>ALIGN<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8ba1\u6570(.)\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u610f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5bf9\u9f50\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u9f50\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5.data\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6bb5\u540e0x2000\u5b57\u8282\u5904\u5bf9\u9f50\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\u76840x8000\u8fb9\u754c\u5904\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"vim\">SECTIONS\n{\n\t...\n\t. data ALIGN(0x2000):\n\t{\n\t\t*(.data)\n\t\tvariable = ALIGN(0x8000);\n\t}\n\t...\n}<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2dALIGN\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6bb5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u5730\u5740\u9009\u9879\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7528\u6cd5\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Output Section LMA<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2asection\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740(VMA)\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5730\u5740(LMA)\u3002\u6307\u5b9a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u89c1Output Section Address\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u5730\u5740\u7528AT\u6216\u8005AT&gt;\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u6307\u5b9a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5730\u5740\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e8b\uff1a\u4eceROM image\u62f7\u8d1d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u5730\u5740<\/h2>\n<p>\u5730\u5740\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u7684VMA\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e00\u6837\u8981\u6309\u7167\u8bf4\u660e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e0b\u5faa\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528MEMORY\u547d\u4ee4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u517c\u5bb9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6bb5\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u5730\u5740\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u503c <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"vim\">.text . : { *(.text) }<\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u548c<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"vim\">.text : { *(.text) }<\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e&#8217;.text&#8217;\u8f93\u51fa\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u503c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u503c\u5e76\u5bf9\u9f50\u5230&#8217;.text&#8217;\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u628a\u6bb5\u5bf9\u9f50\u57280x10\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u4f4e4\u4f4d\u4e3a0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"vim\">.text ALIGN(0x10) : { *(.text) }<\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9<\/p>\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"http:\/\/sourceware.org\/binutils\/docs-2.21\/ld\/index.html\" 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