{"id":1105,"date":"2013-05-07T16:35:31","date_gmt":"2013-05-07T08:35:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kaoru.tech\/?p=1105"},"modified":"2013-05-07T16:35:48","modified_gmt":"2013-05-07T08:35:48","slug":"nand-flash%e6%99%ae%e5%8f%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kaoru.tech:7000\/wordpress\/?p=1105","title":{"rendered":"NAND Flash\u666e\u53ca"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u524dNAND Flash\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u666e\u53ca\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684SD\u3001TF\u3001CF\u3001U\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aNAND Flash\u82af\u7247\u9897\u7c92\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u800c\u6210\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u9762\u4e0a\u7684MP3\u3001MP4\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u4ef7\u683c\u6700\u8d35\u7684SSD\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u52a0\u4e0aN\u4e2aNAND Flash\u9897\u7c92\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u516c\u53f8\u5728CPU\u7684\u6362\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6e10\u6e10\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86NAND Flash\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u7684NAND Flash\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u4ee5\u53caCPU\u5bf9NAND\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3002\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ee5\u540e\u7814\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80cc\u666f\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\n

NAND Flash\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eNOR Flash\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u4f4e\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f18\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5e26\u4e86\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cNAND Flash\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u574f\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n

\u574f\u5757\u6307\u7684\u662f\u64e6\u9664\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d8\u62101\u7684\u6247\u533a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u67092\u949f\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u51fa\u5382\u65f6\u6709\u5382\u5bb6\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u574f\u5757<\/li>\n
  2. \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u574f\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u7531\u4e8eNAND Flash\u574f\u5757\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e\u505a\u6821\u9a8c\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528CPU\u5185\u90e8\u7684ECC\u6216\u8005Linux MTD\u7684\u8f6fECC\u5bf9Flash\u505a\u6821\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

    Linux MTD\u91c7\u7528BBT\u8bb0\u5f55\u574f\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2aBBT\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u82af\u7247\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u6247\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u505a\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528NAND Flash\u6bcf\u4e2aPage\u7684apare array\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8ECC\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\uff0cLinux MTD\u4e0b\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aOOB\u3002<\/p>\n

    NAND Flash\u5206\u7c7b<\/h1>\n

    \u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a<\/h2>\n

    \u4ece\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cNAND Flash\u5206\u4e3a3\u949f\uff1aSLC\/MLC\/TCL\u3002<\/p>\n

    SLC<\/h3>\n

    \u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u5185\u5b58\u50a81\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u9636\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143(Single-Level Cell,SLC)<\/b>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u95ea\u5b58\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u9636\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u95ea\u5b58(SLC flash memory)<\/b>\uff0c\u6216\u7b80\u79f0SLC\u95ea\u5b58\u3002SLC\u95ea\u5b58\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u529f\u7387\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u4f4e\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5176\u6bcf\u767e\u4e07\u5b57\u8282\u9700\u82b1\u8d39\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\uff0cSLC\u95ea\u5b58\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u7528\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u5361\u3002<\/p>\n

    MLC<\/h3>\n

    \u591a\u9636\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143(Multi-Level Cell,MLC)<\/b>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u5185\u5b58\u50a82\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u5176\u201c\u591a\u9636\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7535\u8377\u5145\u7535 \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u80fd\u9636(\u5373\u591a\u4e2a\u7535\u538b\u503c)\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u503c\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u3002\u501f\u7531\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\uff0cMLC\u95ea\u5b58\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u8d77SLC\u95ea \u5b58\uff0c\u5176\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u529f\u7387\u6d88\u8017\u8f83\u9ad8\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64MLC\u95ea\u5b58\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u7528\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u578b\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u5361\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u98de\u7d22\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53<\/a>\u7684MirrorBit\u00ae\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

    TLC<\/h3>\n

    \u4e09\u9636\u50a8\u5b58\u5355\u5143(Triple-Level Cell,TLC)<\/b>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0eMLC\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50a8\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u5185\u50a8\u5b583\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\u3002TLC\u7684\u5199\u5165\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4SLC\u548cMLC\u6162\uff0c\u5bff\u547d\u4e5f\u6bd4SLC\u548cMLC\u77ed\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6500~1000\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684SamSung SSD 840\u56fa\u6001\u786c\u76d8\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8eTLC\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u9875\u9762\u5927\u5c0f<\/h2>\n

    \u4ece\u9875\u9762\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u7528\u5230\u76842\u949f\uff0cSP\u548cLP\u3002\u8fd92\u949f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee51Gb\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684NAND Flash\u533a\u5206\uff0c1Gb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u662fSP\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u662fLP\u30021Gb\u7684\u9700\u8981\u770b\u6587\u6863\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

    SP<\/h3>\n

    Small Page<\/strong>\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2aPage\u4e3a512B+16B\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7528\u6765\u505aoob\u3002\u4e00\u4e2ablock\u4e3a16KB+512B\u3002<\/p>\n

    LP<\/h3>\n

    Large Page<\/strong>\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2aPage\u4e3a2KB+64B\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7528\u6765\u505aoob\u3002\u4e00\u4e2ablock\u4e3a128KB+4KB\u3002<\/p>\n

    CPU NAND Flash\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/h1>\n

    ATMEL<\/h2>\n

    \u786c\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    ATMEL ARM CPU\u4e2d\u7684NAND Flash\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u4e0eSDRAM\/DDR\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7247\u9009\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u82af\u7247\u3002\u7531\u4e8eDDR\u662f1.8V\uff0cNAND Flash\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a1.8V\u548c3.3V\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5ATMEL\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u538b\u7684NAND\u548cDDR\uff0c\u5219NAND\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u7684\u9ad816\u4f4d\uff0cDDR\u5728\u4f4e16\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u4f9b\u7535\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8f6f\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    ATMEL ARM CPU\u7684NAND Flash\u542f\u52a8\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0cATMEL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684Bootstrap\uff0cCPU\u9996\u5148\u81ea\u52a8\u63a2\u6d4b\u6240\u8fde\u63a5NAND Flash\u578b\u53f7\u30018bit\/16bit\u3001SP\/LP\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06Bootstrap\u8bfb\u8fdbCPU\u5185\u90e8\u7684SRAM\uff0c\u7136\u540eBootstrap\u521d\u59cb\u5316DDR 2\uff0c\u8bfb\u8fdbu-boot\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u540c\u65f6ATMEL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86SAM-BA\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ebf\u7f16\u7a0bNAND Flash\u3002<\/p>\n

    Freescale<\/h2>\n

    \u786c\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    Freescale\u7684QUICC\u7cfb\u5217PowerPC CPU\u5177\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684DDR 2\u603b\u7ebf\u548c\u672c\u5730\u603b\u7ebf\u3002\u672c\u5730\u603b\u7ebf\u6302\u8f7dNAND Flash\uff0c\u63a5\u7ebf\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eCFG_RESET_SOURCE\u9009\u62e9LP\u6216\u8005SP\u7684NAND Flash\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8f6f\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    Freescale\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528FCM\/UPM\u63a7\u5236NAND Flash\u3002U-boot\u542f\u52a8\u5206\u522b2\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

    STAGE 0<\/h4>\n

    CPU\u9996\u5148\u8bfb\u53d64KB\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5230FCM\u7684RAM\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u6ca1512\u5b57\u8282\u505aECC\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u65e0\u9519\u540e\u4ece\u504f\u79fb0x100\u6267\u884c\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u590d\u4f4d\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316CPU\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001cache\u548cmemory access windows\uff1b<\/li>\n
    2. \u4fdd\u5b58\u590d\u4f4d\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff1b<\/li>\n
    3. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6570\u636ecache\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5c06\u8981\u8fd0\u884cC\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5806\u6808\uff1b<\/li>\n
    4. \u914d\u7f6eCS0\u7684BR\/OR\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\u5e8f\u548cECC\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b<\/li>\n
    5. \u914d\u7f6eDDR\u548cDDR\u8bbf\u95ee\u7a97\u53e3\uff1b<\/li>\n
    6. \u5c06FCM buffer\u4e2d\u7684STAGE 0 bootloader\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230DDR\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5269\u4e0b\u7684u-boot\uff1b<\/li>\n
    7. \u6e05\u9664FMC[BOOT]\u4f4d\u4eceFCM buffer\u6a21\u5f0f\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b<\/li>\n
    8. \u4eceNAND Flash\u8bfbu-boot image\u5230DDR\u5185\u5b58\uff1b<\/li>\n
    9. \u8df3\u5230u-boot image\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u5730\u5740\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u53c2\u8003<\/h1>\n
        \n
      • Using U-boot to Boot From a NAND Flash Memory Device for MPC8313E (nand_spl.pdf)<\/li>\n
      • MPC8309 PowerQUICC II Pro Integrated Communications Processor Reference Manual (MPC8309RM.pdf)<\/li>\n
      • ATMEL SAM9G25 DATASHEET (doc11032.pdf)<\/li>\n
      • http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98<\/li>\n
      • linux-2.6\/drivers\/mtd\/nand\/nand_bbt.c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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